![]() ![]() They considered it spiritual food and extensive documentary evidence attests to the important role it played in religious life. These naturally fermented to a strength of about 20% ABV they were usually consumed warmed and frequently flavored with additives as part of traditional Chinese medicine. Unlike the traditions in Europe and the Middle East, China abandoned the production of grape wine before the advent of writing and, under the Han, abandoned beer in favor of huangjiu and other forms of rice wine. 1116 BC makes it clear that the use of alcohol in moderation was believed to be prescribed by heaven. The Zhou attached great importance to alcohol and ascribed the loss of the mandate of Heaven by the earlier Xia and Shang as largely due to their dissolute and alcoholic emperors. What later developed into Chinese civilization grew up along the more northerly Yellow River and fermented a kind of huangjiu from millet. This early rice wine was produced by fermenting rice, honey, and fruit. The earliest evidence of wine was found in what is now China, where jars from Jiahu which date to about 7000 BC were discovered. Main article: History of alcohol in China This chewing technique was also used in ancient Japan to make sake from rice and other starchy crops. The natives of South America produced a beer-like beverage from cassava or maize, which had to be chewed before fermentation in order to turn the starch into sugar (beverages of this kind are known today as cauim or chicha). According to a post-conquest Aztec document, consumption of the local "wine" ( pulque) was generally restricted to religious ceremonies but was freely allowed to those who were older than 70 years. īy the time the Europeans reached the Americas in the 15th century, several native civilizations had developed alcoholic beverages. Cider and pomace wine were also widely available grape wine was the prerogative of the higher classes. A document from that time mentions nuns having an allowance of six pints of ale each day. ![]() In Europe during the Middle Ages, beer, often of very low strength, was an everyday drink for all classes and ages of people. ![]() Both the Greeks and the Romans generally drank diluted wine (the strength varying from 1 part wine and 1 part water, to 1 part wine and 4 parts water). Wine was consumed in Classical Greece at breakfast or at symposia, and in the 1st century BC it was part of the diet of most Roman citizens. Celtic people were known to have been making types of alcoholic cider as early as 3000 BC. People in Northern Spain were making cider around the same time period. In 55 BC the Romans took notice of an alcoholic cider being made in Britain using native apples, it quickly became popular and was imported back to the continent where it spread rapidly. The Hebrew Bible recommends giving alcoholic drinks to those who are dying or depressed, so that they can forget their misery ( Proverbs 31:6–7). The medicinal use of alcohol was mentioned in Sumerian and Egyptian texts dating from about 2100 BC. According to Guinness, the earliest firm evidence of wine production dates back to 6000 BC in Georgia. This is approximately the time when barley beer and grape wine were beginning to be made in the Middle East.Įvidence of alcoholic beverages has also been found dating from 5400 to 5000 BC in Hajji Firuz Tepe in Iran, 3150 BC in ancient Egypt, 3000 BC in Babylon, 2000 BC in pre-Hispanic Mexico and 1500 BC in Sudan. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in December 2004, chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grapes, hawthorn berries, honey, and rice was being produced in 7000–6650 BC. Īs early as 7000 BC, chemical analysis of jars from the Neolithic village Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed traces of a mixed fermented beverage. Some have proposed that alcoholic drinks predated agriculture and it was the desire for alcoholic drinks that lead to agriculture and civilization. The traces of a wheat-and-barley-based alcohol were found in stone mortars carved into the cave floor. Researchers have found residue of 13,000-year-old beer that they think might have been used for ritual feasts to honor the dead. The oldest verifiable brewery has been found in a prehistoric burial site in a cave near Haifa in modern-day Israel. The ability to metabolize alcohol likely predates humanity with primates eating fermenting fruit. ( October 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ![]() Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Choose from 75 drink recipes containing Hpnotiq.This section needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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